短语搭配

1. pathogenic bacteria

致病菌；病原细菌；病原菌

2. drug-resistant bacteria

耐药菌；抗药性细菌

3. bacteria level

细菌数量；菌量

4. cavity-causing bacteria

蛀牙的细菌

双语例句

1. It all depends on the gut bacteria in that part of the body.

而这取决于身体那一部分的肠道菌群。

2. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria.

病毒比细菌小得多。

3. Lactic acid bacteria are beneficial to human body.

乳酸菌对人体有益。

4. Some drugs kill off useful bacteria in the user's body.

某些药物会杀死服用者体内的有益细菌。

5. Make sure to filter the water before you drink it. You don't want to swallow any bacteria or dirt.

要确保在你喝水前先把水过滤一下。你不会想把细菌或者灰尘也喝掉的。

6. Warm milk is the ideal breeding ground for bacteria.

温牛奶是细菌理想的繁殖地。

7. Chlorine is added to kill bacteria.

加入氯以杀菌。

8. Bacteria can transmit through the air.

细菌可以通过空气传导。

9. This medicine can kill bacteria.

这种药可以杀死细菌。

10. Different bacteria grow in different environments.

不同细菌生长的环境不同。

11. Plasmid can transfer between bacteria.

质粒可以在细菌之间转移。

12. Dumplings? The meat must have had some bacteria in it. So, I take it you vomited, then?

饺子吗？那一定是肉里有细菌。那我猜你后来是吐了吗？

13. The bacteria are harmless to humans.

这些细菌对人无害。

14. Ultraviolet ray can kill bacteria.

紫外线可以杀死细菌。

15. A sterile environment is essential for growing bacteria in a controlled manner.

无菌的环境对细菌的可控生长至关重要。

16. A proper diet and exercise will help you build your immunity against bacteria and disease.

适当的饮食和锻炼有助于增强你对细菌和疾病的免疫力。

17. Bacteria is something invisible to the eye.

细菌是肉眼看不见的东西

18. Bacteria are usually visible under a microscope.

细菌通常在显微镜下可见。

19. These antibiotics are effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi.

这些抗生素对多种细菌和真菌都有效。

20. The bacteria were growing in a sugar medium.

细菌在糖基中生长。

21. He used a microscope to observe bacteria.

他用显微镜观察细菌。

22. The housefly is a carrier of bacteria.

家蝇是细菌传播者。

23. Scabs protect the wound from bacteria.

结痂保护伤口免受细菌侵害。

24. Many disease are caused by bacteria.

许多疾病是由细菌引起的。

25. Some bacteria are beneficial for digestion.

有些细菌对消化有益。

近义词

1. n. 细菌

词根词缀

(1)bacteri细菌

bacteriology n. 细菌学；细菌研究；微生物学；细菌学研究

bacteriolysis n. 细菌溶解；细菌裂解；细菌溶解作用；细菌解体；细菌分解

bacteriolytic adj. 溶菌的

(2)-a复数后缀

agenda n. 议程；日程安排；待办事项清单；行动计划

formula n. 公式；方程式；配方；处方；规则；原则；方法；计划；方案；定律；化学分子式；结构式；计算式；赛车等级；制剂；婴儿奶粉；配方奶；惯例；常规；（日常礼节用的）惯用语句；俗套话

idea n. 想法；主意；观点；看法；原则；信念；理解；了解；猜想；目标；意图；（柏拉图哲学）理念

peninsula n. 半岛

Africa n. 非洲

data n. 数据；信息；材料；资料；统计资料；事实；数值；细节；证据；论据

同根词

词根 bacteria

(1)bacteriological adj.细菌学的，[微] 细菌学上的

(2)bacteriologic adj.细菌学的

(3)bacteriology n.细菌学

(4)bacteriolysis n.[生化] 溶菌作用；细菌分解处理

单词辨析

1. 致病的微生物 (bacteria germ virus bug microbe )

bacteria (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。

germ 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。

virus 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。

bug 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。

microbe 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。

考纲分布

近15年出现4次 重要程度

100% n (plural)细菌

考纲释义

1. n. (plural)细菌

Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.细菌对宇航员来说是个恼人的问题。[2019年 全国卷2 阅读理解]

For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity.在过去的两年里，戈登的学生们一直在研究在零重力下杀死细菌的方法。[2019年 全国卷2 阅读理解]

单词辨析

1. 微生物bacteria bacterium的复数形式，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。 bug 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。 germ 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。 microbe 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。

考纲分布

近12年出现40次 重要程度

100% n (plural)细菌

考纲释义

1. n. (plural)细菌

Bacteria have been shown to live on cabin surfaces, so wash your hands frequently ．已有证据表明机舱表面存在细菌，所以要经常洗手。[2019年 CET4 阅读理解]

Bacteria are carried by various \media\, which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打喷嚏) .细菌通过各种“媒介”携带，包括生的食物、留下细菌的潮湿表面、我们的手或皮肤以及咳嗽或打喷嚏。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

Bacteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanitizes (清洁剂) and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.相较于独自生存的细菌而言，这些群落中的细菌对于消毒水和抗生素的抵抗力也增强了。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

Bio film communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean.生物膜群落可以较长时间地滋生细菌，而且很难清洗。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖) and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times.Clarke和她的同事将细菌引入地板砖，然后以不同的时间将饼干放在地板砖上。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food.五分钟后，我们将培根或面包放在表面上5秒、30秒或60秒，然后测量转移到食物上的细菌数量。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems.例如，10个或更少的特别致命的细菌菌株，就能使免疫系统受损的人得重病和死亡。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

Hands, foods and utensils (器皿) can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film.手、食物和器皿可以携带生活在保护膜中的单个细菌。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

If you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick.如果你的食物表面有数百万或更多的细菌，0.1%足以让你生病。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.这取决于几秒钟之内从地板到食物的细菌数量，以及地板的肮脏程度。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

It looks like what's at issue is much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.看起来问题更多的是在于那块地板被细菌污染的程度。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.这些细菌在大多数表面的几率非常低。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction.表面的细菌总数更重要，而且在最初引入后，随着时间的推移，细菌数量会减少。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

These microscopic layers of deposits containing bacteria are known as bio films and they are found on most surfaces and objects.这些含有细菌的微观沉积层被称为生物膜，它们存在于大多数表面和物体上。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds.他们的报告显示，细菌在5秒钟内从瓷砖转移到饼干上。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood.为了找出答案，我们将细菌引入瓷砖、地毯或者木头中。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

The number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface.转移到两种食物中的细菌数量与食物与受污染表面的接触时间长短没有太大的关系。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

We repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours.细菌在表面停留了2、4、8、24小时后，我们重复了这一步骤。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food.我们想知道食物与受污染表面接触的时间长短是否会影响细菌向食物转移的速度。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1% of the bacteria were transferred. But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 45-70% of bacteria were.当地毯被污染时，只有不到1%的细菌被转移。但当食物与瓷砖或木头接触时，45-70%的细菌被转移了。[2018年 CET4 阅读理解]

单词辨析

1. 微生物bacteria (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。 bug 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。 germ 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。 microbe 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。

考纲分布

近12年出现45次 重要程度

100% n (plural)细菌

考纲释义

1. n. (plural)细菌

Office carpets collected more bacteria than elsewhere.办公室地毯比其他地方收集的细菌更多。[2021年 CET6 听力]

There were more bacteria on sidewalks than in the home.人行道上的细菌比家里的多。[2021年 CET6 听力]

They found that up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe.他们发现，仅仅一只鞋的鞋面上就可以聚集多达42.1万个细菌单位。[2021年 CET6 听力]

单词辨析

1. 微生物bacteria (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。 bug 非正式用词, 指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。 germ 微生物的俗称, 专指引起人体生命的病菌。 microbe 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物, 现在多指引起疾病的细菌。