短语搭配

1. idiom from scratch

从头开始, 从零开始

2. vphr. scratch along

艰难生活

3. idm up to scratch

达到要求, 合乎标准

4. you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

礼尚往来；私相授受

5. scratch the surface

浅尝；触及表面；进行简短调查

6. n. scratch card

刮卡

7. n. scratch pad

便条簿；便笺本；存储器

8. n. scratch coat

打底水泥沙浆；底子灰；水泥沙浆底涂层

9. n. cat scratch fever

猫抓热；猫抓病

10. scratch one's head

冥思苦想问题的解答；感到（或表示）困惑

11. n. scratch video

剪辑而成的录像片

12. scratch a - and find a -

除去…的假象你将发现…的本质

13. start from scratch

从头开始；从零开始；白手起家

14. starting from scratch

从头开始；从零开始；从头起步

15. scratch out

抓破；划掉，去掉；勉强做…

16. scratch paper

草稿纸；便条纸

17. scratch mark

刮痕

18. scratch surface

刮花表面

19. scratch record

划痕记录

20. scratch head

挠头

双语例句

1. Those are good transferable skills actually. No wonder so many parents sign up their kids for Scratch lessons.

这些其实都是很好的可迁移技能。怪不得这么多的父母都给孩子报名学Scratch课程。

2. The cat likes to scratch the doorframe.

那只猫喜欢抓门框。

3. The cat loves to scratch the couch.

那只猫喜欢抓沙发。

4. I asked you nicely to please not scratch my pan!

我求你不要刮烂了我的平底锅！

5. We decided to scratch the idea of a new house.

我们决定放弃买新房子的想法。

6. The cat likes to scratch the furniture.

那只猫喜欢抓家具。

7. Be careful not to scratch yourself on the roses.

当心不要被玫瑰刺扎伤

8. I bought a lotto ticket but I don’t have a coin that I can scratch it with.

我买了一张乐透彩票，但我没有硬币刮开涂层。

9. If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours.

如果你帮我挠背，我也会帮你。

10. I was scratched by my cat.

我被我的猫抓伤了。

11. The cat uses its claw to scratch the sofa.

猫用爪子抓沙发。

12. They decided to dismantle the machine and start again from scratch.

他们决定拆掉机器，从头再来。

13. Don't scratch the mosquito bite, or you'll aggravate it.

不要抓蚊子咬的包，否则你会使它恶化。

14. Does the cat scratch?

这只猫抓人吗？

15. Building a home from scratch can be both exciting and challenging.

白手起家既激动人心又具有挑战性。

16. Never mind, scratch that idea.

算了，放弃那个想法吧。

17. The cat loves to scratch the carpet.

猫喜欢抓地毯。

18. He tried to scratch his back but couldn't reach it.

他试图抓他的背，但够不到。

19. There was a scratch on the CD.

CD上有道划痕

20. How did you come by that scratch on your cheek?

你脸颊上的抓伤是怎么来的？

21. Up to now, there are still many poor people scratching along.

至今仍有很多贫困人口在艰难谋生。

22. There are several scratches on your neck.

你的脖子上有几处划痕。

23. Don't touch that cat; it will scratch you.

不要碰那只猫，它会抓你。

24. The dermatologist advised him not to scratch the macula.

皮肤科医生建议他不要抓挠这些斑疹。

25. Scratch yourself if you itch.

如果你感到痒，就搔好了。

26. Let’s scratch that idea; I have a better one.

我们放弃那个点子吧，我有个更好的。

27. The cat used its claw to scratch the furniture.

猫用它的爪子抓了家具。

28. The local government formed a scratch rescue team.

当地政府组建了一个临时的救援队。

29. The player was scratched from this competition.

这名选手被取消了这次比赛的资格。

近义词

1. n. 擦伤；抓痕；刮擦声；乱写

2. adj. 打草稿用的；凑合的；碰巧的

3. vt. 抓；刮；挖出；乱涂

4. vi. 抓；搔；发刮擦声；勉强糊口；退出比赛

同根词

词根 scratch

(1)scratchy adj.潦草的；刺痒的；草率的；发刮擦声的

(2)scratcher n.抓扒者；抓扒工具

考纲分布

近6年出现7次 重要程度

57% v 划掉;  刮掉

29% v 挠搔(痒处等)

14% n [sing.]抓; 挠

0% phr (from ~) 从头开始

考纲释义

1. v. 划掉;  刮掉

A girl riding a bike hit and scratched（刮）a parked expensive car by accident when she was busily looking at a road sign.一个女孩骑着自行车，在忙着看路标的时候，不小心撞到了一辆停在路边的名贵轿车，并被刮伤。[2018年 吉林省长春卷 阅读理解]

He told her that she didn’t need to pay any money for the scratched part of the car.他告诉她，她不需要为汽车的划痕部分支付任何钱。[2018年 吉林省长春卷 阅读理解]

2. v. 挠搔(痒处等)

He's just scratching (挠) himself.他只是在挠自己。[2021年 宿迁市卷 阅读理解]

3. n. [sing.]抓; 挠

They even put their noses to the ground and scratched their heads.他们甚至把鼻子贴在地上，挠着头。[2018年 南京卷 阅读理解D]

4. phr. (from ~) 从头开始

The moment I arrived in Germany, I felt like I was starting from scratch (从头开始).到达德国的那一刻，我感觉自己是从零开始的。[2020年 长沙卷 词语填空]

必考短语

(1)from scratch从头开始，从零开始

考纲分布

近15年出现3次 重要程度

200% v 挠搔(痒处等)

0% v 划破; 抓破; 抓伤

0% v 划掉; 刮掉

0% cn 抓痕; 刮痕

0% n [sing.]抓; 挠

考纲释义

1. v. 挠搔(痒处等)

The groundhog still didn't have a problem with me scratching her back.土拨鼠仍然不介意我挠它的背。[2015年 四川卷 完形]

Once when she was facing away, I reached out and carefully scratched her back with my finger, She didn't move.有一次她背对着我，我伸出手小心翼翼地用手指挠她的背，她一动不动。[2015年 四川卷 完形]

考纲分布

近12年出现4次 重要程度

100% v/n 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕

0% phr (from~)从头开始

考纲释义

1. v/n. 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕(score or mark the surface of something with a sharp or pointed object)

I handle my own gold medal so gently that I would not scratch it.我轻手轻脚地拿着自己的金牌，以至于不会刮伤它。[2023年 CET4 听力]

He apologized for scratching an athlete's gold medal.他为刮伤一名运动员的金牌道歉。[2023年 CET4 听力]

2. phr. (from~)从头开始

Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda's prime examples.韩国白手起家的城市松岛是卡萨达的典型代表之一。[2019年 CET4 阅读]

必考短语

(1)from scratch从头开始；从零开始

考纲分布

近12年出现12次 重要程度

100% v/n 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕

考纲释义

1. v/n. 抓; 挠; 抓伤; 抓痕(score or mark the surface of something with a sharp or pointed object)

As the CFO of Macy's put it recently, \We're frankly scratching our heads.\正如梅西百货首席财务官最近所说，“坦率地说，我们正在挠头。”[2019年 CET6 阅读理解]

If you've ever started a sentence with, \If I were you... \ or found yourself scratching your head at a colleague's agony over a decision.如果你曾经用“如果我是你……”或者你发现自己在为同事做决定的痛苦而挠头。[2018年 CET6 阅读理解]

The models couldn't sit in them, and they even got scratched from the plastics under their arms.模特们不能坐在里面，他们甚至被胳膊下的塑料刮伤了。[2016年 CET6 听力]

必考短语

(1)from scratch从头开始；从零开始

考纲分布

近18年出现0次 重要程度

0% v/n 挠; 搔; 刮擦声

0% v/n 划损; 抓破; 划痕

0% v (匆忙或笨拙地)写

0% v 刮去; 划掉

0% v (scratch along)艰难生活

0% v 取消; 退出; 放弃

0% adj 仓促拼凑的

考纲释义

必考短语

(1)scratch along艰难生活

用法讲解

scratch作动词时，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。作及物动词时，其后可直接接名词或者代词，如：scratch one's nose 挠鼻子。