短语搭配

1. coll on duty

值班, 执勤, 值日

2. call of duty

职责要求；使命召唤

3. customs duty

关税；海关关税；海关税

4. phr. perform duty

履行职责；履行义务

5. coll off duty

下班

6. phr. have a duty to

有义务

7. n.phr tour of duty

任期

8. n. stamp duty

印花税

9. n. duty cycle

工作循环；工作循环时间

10. n. active duty

现役

11. n. point duty

岗位值勤

12. n. estate duty

房地产遗产税

13. in the line of duty

在执行任务时; 在履行职责时

14. n. countervailing duty

抵消关税；反补贴税

15. n. duty officer

值勤官；值班员

16. n. duty drawback

出口退税

17. do duty for

代替…之用；充当

18. a bounden duty

本分；本职

19. do duty as

代替…之用；充当

20. n. death duty

遗产税

双语例句

1. Paying taxes is a civic duty.

缴纳税收是公民的责任。

2. I felt it was my duty to tell them the truth.

我觉得我有责任告诉他们真相

3. He completed the task out of a sense of duty.

他出于责任感完成了任务。

4. One of the essential activities for traveling abroad is shopping in duty-free shops.

出国旅游必不可少的一个活动就是去免税店购物。

5. Parents have the duty to take care of their children.

父母有责任照顾他们的孩子。

6. Did you divide up diaper duty 50/50 with the wife the whole time?

你一直和妻子平分换尿布的任务吗？

7. Being a juror is a civic duty.

成为陪审员是一种公民责任。

8. It was his duty to obey.

服从是他的职责。

9. Who's on duty today?

今天谁值班？

10. It is every citizen's duty to pay taxes.

交税是每个公民的责任。

11. They have instilled a sense of duty early on in their son that will last a lifetime.

他们早早就给儿子培养责任感，这将伴他一生。

12. She's not on duty today. I'll take her place.

她今天没有在班，由我来代替处理她的事务。

13. I was on picket duty at the time.

当时我正执行罢工的纠察任务。

14. He was recalled to military duty.

他被召回执行军事任务。

15. It is my duty to report the situation to the company.

我把这个情况上报给公司是我的责任。

16. To pay tax is the duty of every citizen.

缴税是每个公民的责任。

17. The government has a duty to protect civil rights.

政府有责任保护公民权利。

18. The man was declared unfit for duty as a police officer.

他被判定不能胜任警察一职。

19. The lawyer has a fiduciary duty to his client.

律师对他的客户有受托人责任。

20. We have a duty to uphold the law.

维护法律是我们的责任。

21. It is every citizen's duty to follow social norms.

遵守社会规范是每个公民的责任。

22. The police have the duty to enforce the law.

警察有责任使生效法律。

近义词

1. n. 责任；关税；职务

同根词

词根 duty

(1)dutiable adj.应纳税的；应征税的；（输入品）应课关税的

单词辨析

1. 责任 (duty responsibility )

duty 意义较广，多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。

responsibility 着重指从道义或法律上对事件之后果负责。如：I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承担打破花瓶的全部责任。)

2. 义务 (obligation duty function responsibility )

obligation 指道义上或法律上对他人的义务，强调强制性。也指因作出承诺而被迫履行的某种义务。

duty 指按道德和法律的标准，一个人永远要尽的义务，强调自觉性。

function 指因职务或职业关系去履行某种职责。

responsibility 指任何义务、职责、责任或职务上所尽的本分，强调对他人的责任。

考纲分布

近6年出现28次 重要程度

100% n 责任; 义务

考纲释义

1. n. 责任; 义务

As a TV reporter , it’s my duty to tell the truth to the public.作为一名电视记者，告诉公众真相是我的职责。[2021年 云南省卷 语法填空]

Xiao is the duties a person has to their parents.孝是一个人对父母应尽的义务。[2020年 成都B卷 图表]

Although it’s a public holiday today, some firefighters in our city are still on duty.虽然今天是公共假日，但我市的一些消防队员仍在执勤。[2019年 福建卷 选择填空]

必考短语

(1)on duty值班；执勤；值日

考纲分布

近12年出现6次 重要程度

67% cn/un 本分; 责任; 义务

33% cn/un 税

考纲释义

1. cn/un. 本分; 责任; 义务

But others do double duty.但是其他人有双重责任。[2017年 全国卷2 阅读理解]

The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.父母已经尽到了他们的责任，而且可能还会继续这样做。[2017年 全国卷1 阅读理解]

One thing is for certain —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle!有一件事是肯定的——拉里如此接近燃烧的汽车，超出了他的职责范围！[2016年 全国卷1 完形填空]

必考短语

(1)call of duty使命召唤

考纲分布

近12年出现13次 重要程度

54% n 值班

23% n 责任; 义务

23% n 工作职责

考纲释义

1. n. 责任; 义务(something a person feels he or she ought to do because it is morally right)

Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed.数百名女性讲述了她们自己的情绪劳动经历：人们期望她们履行的职责，但却无人问津。[2021年 CET4 阅读理解B]

These invisible duties become apparent only when you don't do them.这些看不见的责任只有当你不去做的时候才会变得明显。[2021年 CET4 阅读理解B]

Sons and daughters want to talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties.子女们希望与管理员和居民以及其他家庭交谈，尽一切可能履行自己的职责。[2016年 CET4 阅读理解]

考纲分布

近12年出现12次 重要程度

75% n 责任; 义务

17% n 工作职责

8% n 关税

0% n 值班

考纲释义

1. n. 责任; 义务(something a person feels he or she ought to do because it is morally right)

In addition, pop stars or influential people have a duty to act as positive role models.此外，流行明星或有影响力的人有义务充当积极的榜样。[2021年 CET6 写作]

As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.随着技术的进步，我们都有责任确保我们塑造一个我们想要的未来。[2021年 CET6 阅读理解]

Students who are burdened with family duties might choose to take online courses.背负着家庭责任的学生可能会选择在线课程。[2020年 CET6 阅读理解]

2. n. 工作职责(an action done as part of a job or position)

They perform duties in their owner's best interest.他们以主人的最大利益履行职责。[2017年 CET6 阅读理解]

Make workers less motivated in performing duties.降低员工履行职责的积极性。[2017年 CET6 阅读理解]

3. n. 关税(a tax especially on imports into a country)

If imported merchandise is unused and destroyed under their supervision, 99% of the duties paid on the merchandise may be recovered.如果进口商品未被使用并在他们的监督下被销毁，商品的99%的关税可以被收回。[2021年 CET6 阅读理解B]

That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的) duties.这就是为什么政府历来干预，禁止广告，施加健康警告和惩罚性的税。[2016年 CET6 阅读理解]

必考短语

(1)on duty值班；执勤；值日

(2)customs duty(海关)关税

(3)perform duty履行职责；履行义务

(4)have a duty to有义务

(5)off duty下班

考纲分布

近18年出现10次 重要程度

90% n 职责; 任务

10% n 上班; 值班

0% n 责任; 义务; 本分

考纲释义

1. n. 职责; 任务(an action done as part of a job or position)

exempt employers from certain duties免除雇主的某些责任[2022年 英语一 阅读理解A]

The thought of holding a fixed grin as the camera performed its magical duties was too much to contemplate.当摄像机执行其神奇的任务时，一想到要保持一个固定的笑容，就令人难以想象。[2021年 英语一 阅读理解A]

The judge failed to tell a jury that it must look at the former governor's decisions on \specific\ and \unsettled\ issues related to his duties.该法官未能告知陪审团必须考虑前州长就与其职责相关的“特定”、“待定”问题所做出的决策。[2017年 英语一 阅读理解A]

2. n. 责任; 义务; 本分(something a person feels he or she ought to do because it is morally right)

As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over.当许多人承担起将推理和科学哲学融入世界的责任时，文艺复兴就结束了。[2020年 英语一 翻译]

单词辨析

1. 责任; 义务duty 意为“义务、本分、职责”，指我们对于他人或自己应尽的天职，着重指受内心道德驱使，而非受客观要求所产生的责任感。 responsibility 意为“责任（感）、义务、负担”，指对某人、公众、社会或某事应负的义务、职责。 obligation 意为“义务”，指完成某项协议、诺言或社会要求而必须担当的义务，international obligations意为 “国际义务”。 liability 意为“责任、包袱”，可指“债务（复数形式）”或“缺陷、不利条件（单数形式）”。

用法讲解

duty作名词，表示“职责；任务”时，常用复数形式，如：administrative duties 行政职责。